第4节

aining when we set out.我们出发时天正下着雨。 ②set out意为“开始着手”，后跟动词不定式。

But where did this radiation come from, and what was it like? Here was a secret of nature which she set out to discover.但是，这种射线是从哪里来的？它是什么样的东西？这就是她要去发现的一个自然界的秘密。 About three hundred and sixty years ago, an Italian scientist named Galileo set out to question Aristotle’s theory of falling objects. 大约360多年前，意大利的一位名叫伽利略的科学家，开始对亚里士多德的落体学说提出了质疑。 ③set out意为“阐述”、“表达”或“陈述”，等于state或describe。

The book was not intended to be an attack on Christianity. Darwin simply set out the facts that he believed to be true. And he based his ideas on scientific experiment. 这本书不是有意攻击基督教的。达尔文只是说明他自己认为正确可靠的事实。他的看法是以科学实验为基础的。 He set out his ideas in simple English.他用简单的英语表达了自己的想法。 7.The ship is also very strong and protected with thick iron plates.（READING）轮船也很牢固，而且船体用厚厚的铁板保护着。 protect的用法 ①protect意为“保护”或“警戒”，是及物动词，后跟简单宾语或含介词短语的复合宾语。 Protect your eyes from the sun.保护你的眼睛，免受阳光的刺激。

We should protect our country against attack.我们应该保卫自己的国家，以免遭受攻击。 ②protect后跟from短语，往往表示防止较小的事，跟against短语，往往表示较大的事。 He wears thick clothes to protect himself from the cold. 他穿上厚衣服来御寒。 She protects herself against the danger.她保护自己免遭危险。 8.Dressed in diving suits, they walk around in this magic world, lighted by the lamps of the ship.（READING）他们穿着潜水衣，借着轮船的灯光，在这个奇妙的水底世界里漫游。 (1)这里Dressed in diving suits和lighted by the lamps of the ship是过去分词短语，在句中用作状语。 (2)dress的用法 ①dress用作名词，表示“女服”

或“童装”时，是可数名词；表示“(男女)衣服”时，是统称，尤指“外衣”，属不可数名词，没有复数形式。 That餾 a nice dress.那是件漂亮的女(童)装。 She buys several new dresses every season.她每个季节都买几件新衣服。 ①dress用作及物动词时, 只能以“人”，而不能以“衣”作宾语。 ②这小女孩穿一身红衣服。 9.You could say he is someone you will neither like nor dislike.（READING）你会说他既不是你喜欢的人也不是你讨厌的人。 neither…nor…的用法 ①neither…nor…意为“既不……，也不……”，与either…or…意思相对。可连接两个主语、谓语、宾语、表语等。 Neither the beasts nor the birds would have the bat as their friend. 兽类和鸟类都不愿把蝙蝠看作他们的朋友。

Without its light and warmth there would be neither plants nor animals nor human beings.没有光和热，就不可能有植物，动物，也不可能有人类。 He can neither read nor write English.他既不会读英语，也不会写英语。 ②neither…nor…连结并列主语时，根据“就近原则”，谓语动词须与靠近它的主语一致。 Neither you nor he is wrong./Neither he nor you are wrong.你和他（他和你）都没有错。 He neither drinks, nor smokes.他既不喝酒，又不吸烟。 It is neither hot nor cold. 天不热也不冷。 Neither did we invite him, nor was he willing to come.我们没有邀请他，他也不愿意来。

（连结分句，语序倒装） 10.Another wonderful story is that of Journey to the Center of the Earth.（READING）另一部奇妙的小说是《地心游记》。 句中的that代表前面的story。that用作形容词或指示代词时，复数形式是those，可用作定语、主语、宾语等，一般用来“远指”或“承上”，但不能“启下”。 Do you find that information in the newspaper？你看到报纸上的那条消息了吗？ Anyone can do that.任何人都能做这件事。（代替刚提过的事） My seat was next to that of my father.我的座位紧靠着我爸爸的座位。（代替前面提到的名词seat） —Shall we buy this one or that one? 我们买这个还是买那个？ —I like that better.我更喜欢那个。

（远指） We see him when he comes to town, but that isn’t often.他进城时我们可以看到他，但是不经常。（承上） 11.No human beings could have passed a happier childhood than myself.（INTEGRATING SKILLS）再也没有人比我的童年时代更幸福的了。 这是一个比较级句型，但它表达的却是最高级的含义，因此这个句子的真实含义是“我的童年时代最幸福”。 I have never seen a better film than 2046.（=2046 is the best film that I have ever seen.）我从未看过比《2046》更好的电影。 12.I doubted at first whether I should try to create a being like myself.（INTEGRATING SKILLS）起初我怀疑我是否应该创造一个像我自己的人。 doubt的用法 ①doubt意为“怀疑”

或“不相信”。作名词时，可用作可数名词和不可数名词。 How can I remove his doubts？我怎么能消除他的疑虑呢？ There is some doubt whether he will come on time.他是否能准时来还不一定。 ②doubt作动词时，可用作及物动词和不及物动词。用作及物动词时，后跟名词、代词、that从句或what从句。 He doubts everything.他怀疑一切。 She doesn’t doubt that he will come on time.她不怀疑他会准时来。 I doubt whether he has told the truth.我怀疑他是否讲了真话。 ③在肯定的陈述句中，doubt 后须用whether, 在否定的陈述句和疑问句中，doubt后须用that。 I doubt whether we shall have enough time.我怀疑我们是否将有充足的时间。 I don’t doubt that he is honest.我不怀疑他是诚实的。

Do you doubt that he is honest?你怀疑他是诚实的吗？ 13.It was with these feelings that I began the creation of a human being.（INTEGRATING SKILLS）我是怀着这些感情开始创造人的。 这是一个强调句型，句型结构为：It is/was +被强调成分+that+其他部分。 It is from the evidence I’ve gathered that I infer this fact. 我是从所收集的证据中推断出这一事实的。 It was he that passed by me just now without stopping to speak. 刚才从我身旁走过没有停下来说话的人是他。 14.Who can imagine the horrors of my secret work?（INTEGRATING SKILLS）谁能想象得到我从事的神秘工作有多恐惧呢？

imagine的用法 imagine是及物动词，意为“想象”或“设想”，后跟名词、代词、动词-ing形式以及含不定式、动词-ing形式、名词或as短语的复合宾语、 that从句或what从句。 Try to imagine being on the moon.设想一下在月球上的情景。 Imagine yourself to be on a deserted island. 想象一下你自己在荒岛上的情景。 You can imagine the meeting continuing far into the night.你能想象得出那次会一直开到深夜。 He imagined himself as manager of the company.他把自己想象为公司的经理。 I cannot imagine who the man is.我想不出这人是谁。

15.When his thin black lips opened, nothing came but some strange sounds.（INTEGRATING SKILLS）当他张开薄而黑的嘴唇的时候，发出的只是奇怪的声音。 nothing…but表示“除了……之外，什么也没有”，做主语时，谓语与nothing一致，而不是与but后面的名词或代词一致。 But this time he could do nothing but wait for a better chance.但这一次他什么也不能做，只好等待有更好的机会。 Nothing but pens and notebooks is needed. 除了钢笔和笔记本，别的都不需要。

Unit 12 Fact and fantasy构词法（二）—派生法

内容略；详见图书

Unit 12 Fact and fantasy单元同步小测试

一、单项填空（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分） 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

1.What is the between Nanjing and Shanghai? A. distance B. length C. width D. height 2.The waterfall can be seen . Its sound may be heard two miles. It looks ever more beautiful, I think. A. at a distance; in the distance of; from a distance B. from a distance; in the distance of; at a distance C. in the distance; from a distance of; at a distance D. in the distance; at a distance of; from a distance 3.There are several at the meeting. A. matters; to deal in B. matter; to deal with C. matter; to be dealt with D. matters; to be dealt with 4.Age is of mind. If you don’t , it doesn’t matter. A. matter; mind B. the mind; matter C. the matter; mind D. a matter; mind 5.The boy listens to the teacher , so everything seems easy to him. A. attention B. attentively C. attentive D. attend 6.A man who hesitates everything cannot do anything successfully. A. to do B. doing C. for doing D. in doing 7.His speech turned to be the most important on biology this year. A. out B. off C. on D. in 8.He observed her across the street. A. to come B. comes C. coming D. came 9.Which do you like best, a dog, a cat or a horse? A. beast B. creature C. animal D. pet 10.I what you said but I don’t you. A. believe; believe B. believe in; believe C. believe in; believe in D. believe; believe in 11.Every student is to be in the classroom at 8 A. m. A. suppose B. supposing C. supposed D. being supposed 12.Who the element radium? Do you know the name of the? When did she? A. had discovered; finder; discover it B. discovered; discoverer; make the discovery C. discovered; locker; find it D. made; maker; make it 13.It was a great for him to be pleasant to people he didn’t like. A. trouble B. effort C. sorrow D. horror 14.He was wearing a lot of clothes the cold. A. to protect himself from B. to protect from C. protecting himself D. protecting from 15.Have I any to do as you tell me? A. choices only B. choice but C. choice only D. choices but 二、完形填空（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从16—35各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Surfing: It’s Not Just for Boys Anymore If you asked high school girls to name their favorite sports, most would probably say basketball or volleyball. I happen to be one of the few girls who would 16: surfing（冲浪运动）. But isn’t that a boy thing? Some people 17. Most certainly not. I started surfing about