第2节

母亲本人就是凶手，事实也果真如此：这位母亲打自己的女儿，出手太重，将女儿打死了，谎报女儿失踪，她用了过去式，使警察知道她有问题。整个案子的侦破，就在于过去式。

我们因此不能轻易用过去式，但我们也千万要注意，该用过去式的时候，一定要用过去式，以下句子都是错的：＊I go to school yesterday.＊I see a movie last night.＊My mother comes to see me last month.＊I eat three apples this morning.＊He is happy yesterday.以上句子的正确写法是：I went to school yesterday.I saw a movie last night.My mother came to see me last month.I ate three apples this morning.He was happy yesterday.【练习五】将以下中文句子翻成英文，全部用过去式：1.我昨天参加了一个舞会。2.他的哥哥昨天打电话给我。3.我去年到美国去。4.昨夜我遇到你的姊姊。5.我写了一封信给你。6.我今晨吃了一个蛋。7.他昨夜整夜跳舞。8.我们昨天跑了五千公尺。9.他昨夜非常疲倦。10.他昨夜去台北探访他的爸爸。

【练习六】将下列的句子译成英文句子，有的用现在式，有的用过去式：1.他是一个强壮的男孩。2.他昨天生病了。3.他每天吃一个苹果。4.他昨天吃了三个苹果。5.我喜欢看电影。6.我是个快乐的人。7.昨天我看了两场电影。8.他昨天寄了一封信给你。9.他常常抽烟。10.我每天读圣经。11.他昨天没有念圣经。12.他昨天没有游泳。【练习七】将以下句子译成英文，用现在式，现在进行式或过去式：1.他在打篮球。2.他喜欢打篮球。3.他昨天打篮球。4.他每天骑脚踏车上学。5.他昨天骑脚踏车到乡下去。6.我喜欢唱歌。7.他正在唱歌。8.你的爸爸昨天来看我。9.他的哥哥每天步行二公里。10.他的弟弟是个好孩子。11.他去年非常虚弱。12.他正在打电话。13.他每天都努力工作（work hard）。14.你的弟弟喜欢游泳。15.他过去是个好学生。3§2 过去进行式过去进行式和现在进行式有点类似，只是verb to be要用过去式的。可是有一点不同，过去进行式，很少单独用的，而常和另一句子一齐用。

举例来说以下的中文句子：我昨天去看你的时候，你正在打篮球，如译成中文，就是You were playing basketball when I went to see you yesterday.以下是典型的过去进行式用法I was taking a bath when you called.I was watching TV when you came to see me.They were dancing when the teacher came in.They were singing in the station when the train arrived.Mr. Brown was cleaning his house when his son came home.总而言之，过去进行式通常牵涉到几件事，这两件事同时发生，其中一件事用过去式，另一件事用过去进行式【练习八】将以下句子译成英文，其中一部份使用过去进行式：1.他昨天到学校去的时候，天在下雨。2.当火车停下的时候，他在看报（read newspaper）。3.当火车进站的时候，他们在唱歌。

4.我昨天去他家的时候，他在和他爸爸打电话。5.昨天晚上八点钟，我在家看电视。6.当我爸爸昨晚打电话给我的时候，我正在刷牙（brush my teeth）。7.当我昨晚打电话给他时，他在游泳。8.当这猫走进来的时候，那只狗在睡觉。9.当他弟弟回家的时候，他在拉小提琴。10.当我爸爸回家的时候，我妈妈在烧饭。

【练习九】填充1. I （be） a Christian.2. He （be） a Catholic when he was a child.3. I （go） to see my mother yesterday.4. I （like） to play piano.5. He （eat） now.6. It （rain） now.7. He （walk） to school every day.8. He （walk） now.9. He （be） a good boy.10. He （swim） when I called him.11. He （go） to see his mother yesterday.12. I （take） a bath when my mother called me.13. I （like） to swim.14. I （like） to swim when I was young. Now, I don’t because I am too old.15. It （rain） now.16. It （rain） when I drove to work yesterday.17. It （rain） last night.18. It （rain）very often here.19. He （read） a book when I went to see him yesterday.20. I （be） a student when I was young. Now I am a teacher.【练习十】改正以下句子的错误1. ＊They are driving when I went to see them yesterday.2. ＊It rained here very often in Taipei.3. ＊He gives his book to his brother last month.4. ＊He go to work every morning.5. ＊He likes to told stories.6. ＊I like to went to church.7. ＊The sun sets now.8. ＊They are play the piano now.9. ＊I am love you.10. ＊He were a good student before.11. ＊He goes to church last Sunday.12. ＊It rains last night.13. ＊I am playing when you called.14. ＊It is raining when I drove to work last night.15. ＊He do not know me.16. ＊I were swimming when my mother came.17. ＊They is singing now.18. ＊He do not like to swim.19. ＊He always wear a black coat.20. ＊He is watch TV now.

第四章　完成式（Perfect Tense）4§1 现在完成式（Present Perfect Tense）完成式的形式是 verb to have + past participle，每一个动词，都有过去式和过去分词，以下就是一些例子：原式 过去式 过去分词（past participle）go went gonecome came comesee saw seendo did donewatch watched watchedget got gotten（或got）have had haduse used usedbuy bought boughtlisten listened listeneddraw drew drawnpaint painted paintedleave left leftarrive arrived arriveddance danced dancedkill killed killedwrite wrote writtenrun ran runswim swam swumsnow snowed snowedeat ate eatenlove loved lovedfly flew flownspread spread spreadhit hit hitdrink drank drunktake took takengrow grew grownsell sold soldride rode riddensteal stole stolenbreak broke brokenwalk walked walkedread read readsing sang sungwork worked worked以下的句子都是用了现在完成式：I have read this book.I have seen the movie.I have lived here since 1973.I have studied English for a long time.He has washed his hands.He has left.He has already completed the report.The storm has arrived.I have taken the job.I have written the letters.I have not seen him since 1975.I have never seen this man before.什么情况之下要用现在完成式呢？

1. 首先假设我们有一件事，发生在过去，而一直延续到现在，就要用现在完成式，这种句子后面常有since或for。以下是这种情形的例子：（1）自从1963年，我一直在念英文。

I have studied English since 1963.（2）自从1975年以后，我就住在这里。

I have lived here since 1975.（3）自从我是一个小孩子，我就喜欢摇滚乐。

I have loved rock and roll music since I was a child.（4）自从去年，我就从来没有见过他。

Since last year, I have never seen him.（5）自从1950年以后，他就一直在此工作。

He has worked here since 1950.（6）我认识他已经很久了。

I have known him for a long time.（7）他练习网球已经四年了。

He has already practiced tennis for （the past） four years.（8）我穿这件夹克很久了。

I have worn this jacket for a very long time.（9）我开这辆汽车很久了。

I have driven this car for a long time.（10）好久没有下雨了。

It has not rained for a long time.2.使用现在完成式的另一情况是强调已经完成的事，比方说，你说〝我已经写了那封信〞，就可以用现在完成式，或者，你说〝他已经完成了工作〞。以下是这类的例子：（1）我已经写了这封信。

I have already written the letter.（2）他已经完成了工作。

He has already completed the work.（3）我已经测试了这个程序。

I have already tested the program.（4）我已经收到了你的信。

I have already received your letter.（5）他已搬到了一个较大的房子。